Academic Integrity

Submitted articles shall be based on the latest academic research results made by authors. Article should be scientific, innovative and practical, with accurate data, strong arguments, concise wording and clear structure. The content shall be authentic, without data forgery and misleading information, and shall not involve plagiarism or any other misconduct. All manuscripts would be tested by plagiarism testing systems developed by CNKI. Once any academic misconduct is verified, the journal will immediately reject the manuscript, make an announcement publicly and notify the authors’ institutes.

Avoid Multiple Submission and Redundant Publishing

Please indicate whether the manuscript has been published in non-public materials or presented on academic conferences. If it has been published in other languages, a letter of consent for re-publishing from the original journal must be obtained and provided to this journal. According to the Copyright Law of the people's Republic of China and the review policy of this journal, any manuscript submitted within 3 months without receiving a notice of rejection is still under review. If the authors would like to submit your manuscript to another journal, please contact us and withdraw the submission in the first place.

Authorship

Those designated as authors should meet all the following 4 criteria. 1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND 2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND 3) Revising the manuscript upon review comments an final approval of the version to be published; AND 4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Those who only provide financial support, collect data or manage the project cannot be named as authors. Except for single author articles, the authors contribution should be specified in Statement of Authors Contribution, which should be provided along with the manuscript.

Ethic Review and Privacy Protection

In accordance with the provision of Ethical Review of Biomedical Research on Human Beings issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, when reporting biomedical research involving human beings, it is necessary to state whether the trial procedures adopted have been evaluated and approved by the national or institutional ethical review committee, and the approval number should be attached. The research on human beings is defined as：

1) Research that uses modern physics, chemistry, biology, traditional Chinese medicine and psychology to study the physiology, psychology, pathology, disease etiology and pathogenesis of human beings, as well as disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation

2) Experimental research of new medical technologies or new medical products on human beings.

3) Research of collecting, recording, using, reporting or storing samples, medical records, behaviors and other scientific research data of human beings based on epidemiological, sociological and psychological methods.

If the authors’ institution does not have a formal ethics committee, they should indicate whether the research complies with the relevant provisions of the “Code of Ethics for Biomedical Research on Human Beings” of the World Health Organization and the latest version of Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.

Prospective clinical trials must include the Universal Trial Number (UTN) obtained from one of the Primary Registries in the WHO Registry Network. The UTN shall be included in the abstract or the main body of the full text.

Clinical study report shall describe the protection of subjects. Without informed consent, identifiable information, including the patient's name and initials, or hospitalization number, should not be disclosed in words, photos or genetic pedigrees so that the patient's privacy could be protected.

When reporting animal experiments, the article should state whether the study complies with guidelines published by relevant committee on animal rights, and the approval document should be attached. The raising, using or disposal of all kinds of experimental animals must be based on sufficient reasons, and the interests of animals and human beings should be taken into account with the moral and ethical values recognized in modern society. The ethical guidelines for animal research are detailed in the Consensus Author Guide on Animal Ethics and Welfare issued by the International Association of Veterinary Editors

Conflict of Interest Statement

Editorial board members, editors, and reviewers should select manuscripts objectively. If any conflict of interest or collaborative relationship arises between them and the authors, institutions, or companies related to a manuscript due to competition or cooperation, they must proactively report it to the editorial office and avoid handling the corresponding manuscript. The editorial office will assign another person to be responsible for the review.

All authors must disclose all potential conflicts of interest. A potential conflict is considered to exist when an author’s (or the author’s institution/employer’s) financial, personal, or affiliative relationships may influence the author’s decisions, work, or manuscript. Authors should also disclose in the manuscript any funding projects or sources that could potentially affect the research outcomes. When specific products are mentioned in the manuscript, authors should also disclose any conflicts of interest with competing products.

Usage of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) cannot be used to write entire papers or important parts such as methods, results, and analysis. All scientific contributions and intellectual work must be completed by humans. This journal does not accept GenAI or its teams as authors. If GenAI is used, authors must detail its application in the methods section and are fully responsible for any content generated by GenAI, including violations of publishing ethics or infringement. The editorial office prohibits the use of GenAI in manuscript evaluation, decision-making, or communication with authors. Manuscripts or supplementary materials will not be uploaded to publicly available GenAI platforms during the review process to avoid risks of infringement, privacy breach, and confidentiality breach.