Objective To investigate the syndrome factors in the leukoaraiosis（LA） with mild cognitive impairment to provide objective evidence for syndrome differentiation and treatment.Methods A prospective observation was done on 155 LA patients with mild cognitive impairment.The characteristics of TCM symptoms and syndrome distribution were summarized with frequency analysis and factor analysis to abstract the syndrome factors.Results There were 15 common factors（syndrome factors） picked up by the factor analysis.The distribution of syndrome factors among the 155 patients were as following: yang deficiency occupying 25.2%

phlegm occupying 18.1%

yin deficiency occupying 17.4%

fire occupying 13.5%

blood stasis occupying 11%.The comprehensive analysis showed that deficiency syndrome was of 57.4%.Conclusion The major syndrome factors of LA mild cognitive impairment were yin deficiency

yang deficiency

phlegm

and fire

the secondary ones were blood stasis

qi deficiency

and blood deficiency.The location of disease was in brain

mainly with kidney and liver involved

and secondary with spleen and heart.The most important factors which cause mild cognitive impairment lingering and difficult to cure were kidney essence deficiency and phlegm obstructing the brain.