Objective To observe the distribution of TCM syndromes and the changing laws of laboratory indices after hemodialysis of the patients with diabetic nephropathy at the end stage. Methods Totally 84 patients treated by hemodialysis in the diabetic nephropathy group and other nephropathic patients in the non-diabetic-nephropathy group were observed about the difference of distribution of deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi and excess of pathogenic qi and to analyze the changing laws of laboratory indices including creatinine

urea nitrogen

red blood cell （RBC） count

and hemoglobin content on 1 week

1 month

and 2 months after hemodialysis. Results In the diabetic nephropathy group

most patients with deficiency of anti-pathogenic qi were suffering from both qi and yin deficiency

some patients suffering from both yin and yang deficiency

and least patients suffering from spleen and kidney qi deficiency. While those with excess of pathogenic qi were mostly affected by blood stasis

retention of fluid in body

and damp heat. Before hemodialysis

the level of creatinine and urea nitrogen of the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic-nephropathy group （P<0.05）. One week and one month after hemodialysis

the level of urea nitrogen and creatinine of both groups was significantly lower than before hemodialysis （P<0.05）. One week after hemodialysis

RBC count and hemoglobin of both groups were lower than those before hemodialysis

and the lowering of hemoglobin was more significant （P<0.05）. One month after hemodialysis the RBC count and hemoglobin were significantly higher than those one week after hemodialysis（P<0.05）. Conclusion Diabetic nephropathy is mostly of the yin deficiency and damp heat syndromes. The begining of hemodialysis of diabetic nephropathy is earlier than that of other nephropathic patients. After two months of hemodialysis

the related laboratory indices of diabetic nephropathic patients will be reaching a level of relative stability.