Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Shenxiong Bushen Capsule [Capsule with Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae） and Chuanxiong （Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong） in it for reinforcing the kidney] on the mild vascular dementia （VD） to study its functional mechanism. Methods In this random-controlled

double-bland

test 66 mild VD cases were randomized into treatment group

with 47 cases in it

and control group

with 19 cases in it. The treatment group was treated with Shenxiong Bushen Capsule

while the control group was given Piracetam （capsule shaped）. The course of treatment was of 2 months. The cognitive ability

activities of daily living

scores of TCM symptoms

and brain neurotransmitter of the patients were observed and analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Results The total effective rate of cognitive ability of the treatment group was 74.46% and that of the control group was 68.42%

the difference was not significant （P>0.05）. In the treatment group

activities of daily living and scores of TCM syndromes were significantly improved after treatment （P<0.05 or P<0.01）

and the improvement of scores of TCM syndromes was superior to the control group （P<0.05）. Shenxiong Bushen Capsule could significantly improve acetylcholine

dopamine

and noradrenaline of the whole brain （P<0.05 or P<0.01）

and the treatment group was superior to the control group in the improvement of acetylcholine and noradrenaline （P<0.05）. Conclusion Shenxiong Bushen Capsule is effective for the mild VD and its mechanism is possibly related with the improvement of brain neurotransmitter.