Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of TCM differential treatment combined with chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer（ NSCLC）.Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical study was conducted.Totally 204 cases of advanced NSCLC were randomized into the treatment group and control group

with 104 and 100 in each.Both groups were given chemotherapy.The treatment group was added with TCM decoctions according to pattern differentiation.The control group was added with Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules [capsules of Nvzhenzi（ Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 女贞子） and Huangqi（ Radix Astragali 黄芪） to strengthen the body resistance].Both groups were treated for 2 treatment courses（ 42 days）.The therapeutic effect

progression-free survival（ PFS）

overall survival（ OS） and toxicity in both groups was observed.Results The tumor remission rate in the treatment group and control group was 36.3% and 28.1% respectively.The disease control rate in the treatment group and control group was 89.0% and 76.4% respectively

with a significant difference between groups（ P < 0.05）.The median PFS in the treatment group and control group was 21 weeks and 17 weeks respectively

and the median OS was 64 weeks and 56 weeks respectively

with no significant difference between groups（ P > 0.05）.Comparing with the control group

the incidence of leukopenia

thrombocytopenia

nausea and vomiting in the treatment group was significantly decreased（ P < 0.05）.Conclusion TCM differential treatment has a synergistic and attenuated effect for advanced NSCLC patients undergoing chemotherapy with an improvement of long-term survival.