Objective To observe effects of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment on consolidation treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Seventy-two cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancers with progression-free disease after first-line chemotherapy were randomly divided into treatment group and control group

with 36 cases in each group. In the treatment group

patients were made syndrome differentiation to internal heat due to Yin deficiency syndrome

phlegm-dampness due to spleen deficiency syndrome and deficiency of both Qi and Yin syndrome

and given the corresponding Chinese medicine. The control group only was not given anti-tumor treatments. Both groups were treated or observed for 28 days as a cycle until progressive disease or intolerant toxic and side effects occurred. Compared two groups of patients with disease progression time and one year survival rate and used the specific scale about lung-cancer patients’ quality of life of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer（ EORTC QLQ-LC43） to measure quality of life. Evaluated efficacy of TCM symptom

physical condition and objective cancer after treatment or observation. Results The median time to progression（ MTTP） of the treatment group was 87 days

but that of the control group was 66 days. Differences of the two groups were statisticallysignificant（ P < 0. 05）. The one year survival rate of the treatment group was 67. 64%

but that of the control group was 68. 75%. The differences were not statistically significant（ P > 0. 05）. Quality of life: in the treatment group

after treatment

the scores of physical function

emotional function and general state of health were higher than those before treatment

but the scores of loss of appetite

shortness of breath and cough were lower than those before treatment（ P < 0. 05）. In the control group

after observation

the scores of the physical function

social function and general state of health were lower than those before observation

but the scores of fatigue

shortness of breath

hemoptysis

cough and pain in other parts score higher in other parts were higher than those before observation（ P < 0. 05）.The TCM symptom score of the treatment group after treatment was lower than that before treatment

but that of the control group after observation was higher than that before observation. After treatment

the TCM symptom score of the treatment group was lower than the control group（ P < 0. 05）. The efficacy of physical condition and objective cancer in the treatment group were better than that of the control group（ P < 0. 01）. Conclusion Using the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment after the first-line chemotherapy of terminal non-small cell lung cancer may delay the disease progress

stabilize nidus

improve symptoms

physical condition and quality of life and so on

also can consolidate curative effect of chemotherapy.