Objective To observe characteristics of expression of the serum interleukin 17 A（ IL-17 A） and interleukin 10（ IL-10） in patients with northwest dryness syndrome. Methods There were 111 patients with northwest dryness syndrome in the northwest dryness syndrome group and 102 people without diseases diagnosed by modern medicine in the control group. Questionnaire was used to survey general condition and demographic data of participants. At the same time

serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-10 in the two groups were detected. Results Serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-10 in the northwest dryness syndrome group were higher than those in the control group（ P

<

0. 01）. Serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-10 of the subjects of Han nationality in the northwest dryness syndrome group were higher than those of Han nationality in the control group（ P

<

0. 01）. Serum levels of IL-17 A of subjects of Han nationality were higher than those of Uyghur nationality in the northwest dryness syndrome group（ P

<

0. 05）. Serum levels of IL-10 of subjects of Uyghur nationality in the northwest dryness syndrome group were higher than those of Uyghur nationality in the control group（ P

<

0. 05）. Serum level of IL-17 A in the northwest dryness syndrome middle-aged group（ 40

60 years old） was higher than that in the control group（ P

<

0. 01）. There was no statistical difference between the youth group（

<

40 years old）

the elderly group（

>

60 years old） in the northwest dryness syndrome group and those in the control group（ P

>

0. 05）. Levels of IL-10 in the northwest dryness syndrome youth group

the middle-aged group and the elderly group were all higher than those in the control group（ P

<

0. 05 or P

<

0. 01）. Conclusion Patients with northwest dryness syndrome have immune state disorders. Their serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-10 increased significantly. And the disorders are different in patients of different age and different nationality.