Objective To compare the clinical effect between Bushen Huosui Granules（ 补肾活髓颗粒） combined with western medicine and western medicine alone in treating chronic aplastic anemia（ CAA） adopting propensity score method. Methods Totally 236 CAA patients were chosen and randomized into treatment group（ 158cases） and control group（ 78 cases）. The control group was given Stanozolol Tablet 2- 4 mg each time

3 times every day

and Cyclosporin soft capsule 75 mg each time

2 times every day. In addition to the treatment of the control group

Bushen Huosui Granules was given to the treatment group

1 dose every day

twice orally. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Patients’ baseline data in both groups were matched by propensity index matching method. The clinical effect in both groups before and after match was compared. Patients’ hemoglobin（ HGB）

white blood cell（ WBC） and platelets（ PLT） levels in both groups were compared after match

before and after treatment. Results Both groups had 76 cases matched successfully. As for the comparison of the clinical effect in both groups before match

16 cases got basic cure in the control group

with 14 cases relieved and 18 cases significantly improved. The total effective rate was 61. 54%

while in the treatment group

the corresponding numbers were 50 cases

36 cases

34 cases and 75. 95%. The difference was not significant（ χ2= 6. 71

P = 0. 08）. As for the comparison of the clinical effect in both groups after match

16 cases got basic cure in the control group

with 14 cases relieved and 17 cases significantly improved. The total effective rate was 61. 84%. while in the treatment group

the corresponding numbers were 12 cases

18 cases

17 cases and 61. 84%. The difference was not significant（ χ2= 1. 07

P = 0. 78）. After match and after treatment

patients’ HGB

WBC and PLT in both groups increased（ P < 0. 01）. After treatment

HGB and PLT in the treatment group was much higher than those in the control group（ P < 0. 05）. Conclusion Bushen Huosui Granules combined with western medicine treating CAA was superior to western medicine alone on the aspect of improving HGB and PLT.