In YAN Qianlin’ s opinion

the pathogenesis of intravascular restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention（ PCI） is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The deficiency in origin are most Qi deficiency and Yang deficiency

while the excess in superficiality are most liver constraint and Qi stagnation and blood stasis. He thinks it’s important to treat the liver in heart disease and we need to value the emotional factors. He considers that deficiency and stasis will certainly occur after surgery

and Qi deficiency is always along with the blood stasis. Also

Yang will be impaired during a chronic disease

heart disease needs to be treated by warming

and the basic pathogenesis is Yang deficiency and blood stasis. As for the herb using

he recommends to combine Yang-warming herbs and blood-activating herbs

Qi-tonifying herbs and Qi-regulating herbs

as well as acrid-warm herbs and bitter-cold herbs.