The spleen governs transportation and transformation in body. Traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM）believes that the spleen is "the source of generating qi and blood"

"barn organs"and "the foundation of acquired constitution". As"the power station of cells"

the organelle of mitochondrion provides energy for the material metabolism of human body

almost existing in all aerobic eukaryotic cells. It is known as "the center of energy transformation"and "the production base of adenosine triphosphate（ ATP） ". Thus it can be seen that spleen and mitochondrion of cells are similar in human function. Combining the animal experiment and clinical research on the relationship between the visceral spleen caused by the spleen deficiency and the changes of mitochondrial structure and function

this paper discussed the correlation between "spleen transport"in TCM and mitochondrial morphological structure and oxidative phosphorylation

and explored the mitochondrial mechanism of various viscera diseases caused by spleen deficiency in TCM and mitochondrial structure and function changes

and provided theoretical support of modern medicine and prospect of clinical application to the diagnosis and treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome for the future.