Four natures and five flavors theory is the core contents of property theory about traditional Chinese herbs

which directly shows the herbs’ therapeutic effectiveness

whose main thoughts are to diagnose and cure diseases by regulating the balance of yin and yang with four natures and five flavors of herbs. This paper interpreted the basic connotation of four natures and five flavors theory and its close connection with kidney disease

and analyzed its application in the treatment of kidney disease by classic prescription in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases（ 《伤寒杂病论》）

including the four natures and five flavors’ single medicine theory in treating kidney disease

four natures and five flavors’ compatibility theory such as cooperation of the cold and the heat herbs

interaction of the cold and the heat herbs

complementation of the cold and the heat herbs

acridness and sweetness producing yang

sourness and sweetness producing yin

acridness ascending and bitterness descending

through which to enlighten the new idea of treating kidney disease and deepen the understanding of the four natures and five flavors theory.