To summarize the clinical experience of professor MA Rong in the treatment of with refractory asthma in children. Professor MA Rong thinks children with refractory asthma episode and remission should not be separated according to whether there is asthma attack. Even there is no obvious symptoms of wheezing

patients can also be treated in accordance with the onset period if pulmonary function show abnormal. Although the course of the disease is long

there is excessive pathogen. Thus root cause and symptom treatment should be applied. According to the clinical symptoms of child patients

the five major pathological factors of qi blockage

phlegm obstruction

blood stasis

lung spasm and kidney deficiency in the course of the disease are proposed. Mahuang（Herba Ephedrae）

stir-frying Ku Xingren（Semen Armeniacae Amarum）

Sangbaipi（Cortex Mori） stir-frying with honey

Zheshi（calcining Haematitum）

Baiguo（Semen Ginkgo） are used to ventilating lung and to open block; Gualou（Fructus Trichosanthis）

Qing Banxia（Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata）

Xixin（Herba Asari） are used to expel phlegm and fluid retention; Yujin（Radix Curcumae）

Danggui（Radix Angelicae Sinensis）

Honghua（Flos Carthami） are used to promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis; Dilong（Lumbricus）

stir-frying Jiangcan（Bombyx Batryticatus）

Gouteng（Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis） are used to dispel pathogenic wind for resolving convulsion; Shudihuang（Radix Rehmanniae Preparata）

Ajiao（Colla Corii Asini）

Rougui（Cortex Cinnamomi） are used to tonify the kidney and consolidate the resistance.