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1.中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京市东城区东直门内南小街16号,100700
2.深圳市中医院
3.中国中医科学院广安门医院
4.中国中医科学院中医药数据中心
Received:04 August 2020,
Revised:2021-06-30,
Published:02 November 2021
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邢颖,皮敏,张润顺等.基于复杂网络社团发现算法的2型糖尿病证候演变及用药特点研究[J].中医杂志,2021,62(21):1860-1868.
XING Ying,PI Min,ZHANG Runshun,et al.Laws of Syndrome Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Medication Characteristics based on Community Discovery Algorithm in Complex Network[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2021,62(21):1860-1868.
邢颖,皮敏,张润顺等.基于复杂网络社团发现算法的2型糖尿病证候演变及用药特点研究[J].中医杂志,2021,62(21):1860-1868. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2021.21.005.
XING Ying,PI Min,ZHANG Runshun,et al.Laws of Syndrome Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Medication Characteristics based on Community Discovery Algorithm in Complex Network[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2021,62(21):1860-1868. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2021.21.005.
目的
2
分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)证候演变及用药规律。
方法
2
基于590例T2DM患者3861诊次电子病历数据,提取患者就诊时间、西医病名、中医病名、证候诊断、中药处方和中药剂量数据建立数据库,利用复杂网络社团发现算法和桑基图对早、中、晚期患者的证候演变特点及药物变化规律进行分析。
结果
2
早期T2DM患者证候主要表现为热证和血瘀证,中期主要为热证、阴虚、气虚和血瘀证,而晚期病位主要在肾,主要证候表现为阳虚、血瘀以及气虚证。出现明显证候分期转化集中在前6诊次(平均76.37天);55%的患者治疗前后证候分期未发生改变;发生证候分期转化的患者中,早、中期患者分别在平均38.85天、76.37天时证候转化率最高,为15.23%、7.09%。在不同证候分期下发生证候转化和未转化的7类患者中,首诊为早期的证候未转化患者群与证候转化患者群用药相似度较高,均以黄连(平均剂量分别为29 g和24 g,以下均为平均剂量)为核心中药,黄连与黄芩(12 g)、大黄(8 g)、干姜(9 g)、半夏(12 g)连接最紧密。证候转化患者新增以黄芪(26 g)为主药的中药社团。首诊为中期的证候未转化患者以黄连(26 g)为首要核心中药,各社团间的中药节点连接紧密。首诊为中期的证候转变患者用药与前者相比增加了水蛭(6 g)、鸡血藤(24 g)、桂枝(15 g)。首诊为晚期的证候未转变患者用药与早、中期患者用药差别很大,晚期患者以黄芪(39 g)为首要核心中药,黄芪与桂枝(15 g)、鸡血藤(25 g)、水蛭(10 g)、当归(14 g)、白芍(16 g)连接紧密。
结论
2
T2DM的证候整体呈由实到虚的演变,早期证候以热证为主,中期证候以热证兼有气虚证或阴虚证为主,而晚期证候多为气、血、阴、阳、精虚证,血瘀证贯穿T2DM全程;血瘀可能是导致T2DM中期患者病情进一步恶化的主要因素;病情稳定的患者用药中,早、中期患者以黄连的核心配伍用药为主,而晚期患者则以黄芪的核心配伍用药为主,活血化瘀类中药的使用比例随着病情加重逐渐增大。
Objective
2
To analyze the laws of syndrome evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the medication characteristics, thereby providing references for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.
Methods
2
The data was collected from the electronic medical records of 3861 visits of 590 T2DM patients. Records on patient visit time, disease name of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, syndromes, Chinese herbal prescriptions and dosage were extracted to establish a database, and the community discovery algorithm in complex network and Sankey diagram were used to analyze the law of syndrome evolution and medication characteristics of early, middle and late onset of T2DM.
Results
2
Heat pattern and blood stasis pattern were commonly seen in the early-onset of T2DM, while the main syndromes of the middle-onset of T2DM were heat pattern,
yin
deficiency pattern,
qi
deficiency pattern and blood stasis pattern. For the late-onset of T2DM, the disease was mainly located in the kidney, and
yang
deficiency pattern, blood stasis pattern and
qi
deficiency pattern were mostly common. The obvious change of patterns was concentrated in the first six visits (average 76.37 days); 55% of the patients' pattern stages did not change before and after treatment; among the patients with pattern stage changes, the highest syndrome deterioration rate was 15.23% and 7.09% in early-onset and middle-onset, respectively, with an average of 38.85 days and 76.37 days. There were seven types of patients with pattern transformation and non-transformation under different pattern stages. For patients diagnosed as early-onset of T2DM for the first visit, without or with transformations, Huanglian (
Rhizoma Coptidis
) was the core herb (the average dose was 29 g and 24 g respectively; and the following estimates were all expressed as the average dose), and was closely connected with Huangqin (
Radix Scutellariae,
12 g), Dahuang (
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,
8 g), Ganjiang (
Rhizoma Zingiberis,
9 g), Banxia (
Rhizoma Pinelliae,
12 g); patients with transformations had a new community of Chinese herbal medicine with Huangqi (
Radix Astragali,
26 g) as the core. For the patients who were at middle-onset of T2DM with no transformatinon at the first visit, Huanglian (
Rhizoma Coptidis
, 26 g) was the primary core herb, with closely links among the communities; if the pattern was transformed at the first visit, Shuizhi (
Hirudo
, 6 g), Jixueteng (
Caulis Spatholobi
, 24 g) and Guizhi (
Ramulus Cinnamomi
, 15 g) were newly added in the Chinese herbal medicine community. The medication characteristics of the patients who were at late-onset of T2DM at first visit of unchanged pattern were significantly different with those at early-onset and middle-onset of T2DM; Huangqi (39 g) was the primary core herb for late-onset of T2DM, which was closely connected with Guizhi (
Ramulus Cinnamomi
15 g), Jixueteng (
Caulis Spatholobi
25 g), Shuizhi (
Hirudo
10 g), Danggui (
Radix Angelicae Sinensis
14 g) and Baishao (
Radix Paeoniae Alba
16 g).
Conclusion
2
The syndrome evolution of T2DM is characterized by the evolution from excess to deficiency. In the early stage
the syndrome is mainly heat syndrome; in the middle stage
the syndrome is mainly heat syndrome with
Qi
deficiency or
yin
deficiency
while in the late stage
the syndrome is mostly deficiency of
Qi
blood
Yin
Yang
and essence. Blood stasis syndrome goes through the whole stages of T2DM. Blood stasis may be the main factor leading to the further deterioration of middle-onset of T2DM. In the patients with stable condition, Huanglian (
Rhizoma Coptidis
) as the core herb was mainly used at early-onset and middle-onset of T2DM, while Huangqi (
Radix Astragali
) was used as the core herb at late-onset. The proportion of Chinese herbal medicine aimed at invigorating blood and dissolving stasisgradually increased with the aggravation of the disease.
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