YANG Yuzheng,YAO Xiaoling,LUO Feng,et al.Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Mechanism of Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.) in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(07):724-733.
YANG Yuzheng,YAO Xiaoling,LUO Feng,et al.Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Mechanism of Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.) in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(07):724-733.DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.07.012.
Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Mechanism of Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.) in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
To explore the potential mechanisms of Leigongteng (
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.
) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.
Methods
2
Bioinformatics approaches, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the traditional Chinese medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, molecular docking, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and immune infiltration analysis, were used to predict the key active components of Leigongteng and its target genes for RA treatment. Experimental validation was conducted using human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS-RA) in vitro, with methotrexate as the positive control. A scratch assay was performed to assess cell migration after 24 hours of culture. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels, qPCR was used to measure target gene mRNA levels, and ELISA was conducted to evaluate inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).
Results
2
A total of 117 target genes of Leigongteng were identified and intersected with RA-related genes, yielding 55 key genes. Further screening identified three core genes:
PTGS2
,
CXCR4
, and
TIMP1
. Based on the correspondence between potential drug targets and key components, triptolide and nobiletin were identified as the primary active compounds. Molecular docking results showed that both triptolide and nobiletin had binding energies lower than -5 kcal/mol with their respective target proteins, indicating strong interactions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that, compared with the blank control group, the triptolide, nobiletin, and positive control groups exhibited reduced cell migration rates after 24 hours of culture (
P
<0.01). The expression levels of
PTGS2
and
CXCR4
(both mRNA and protein) were significantly do
wnregulated, while
TIMP1
expression was upregulated. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased, whereas IL-10 levels increased (
P
<0.01). Compared with the positive control group, the triptolide and nobiletin groups showed increased cell migration rates, upregulated
PTGS2
and
CXCR4
expression (mRNA and protein), downregulated
TIMP1
expression (mRNA and protein), increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and decreased IL-10 levels (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01).
Conclusion
2
The key active components of Leigongteng, triptolide and nobiletin, may alleviate RA by inhibiting PTGS2 and CXCR4 while promoting TIMP1 expression, thereby suppressing inflammatory responses.
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