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1.辽宁中医药大学中西医结合学院,辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区崇山东路79号,110847
2.辽宁中医药大学实验动物医学院
Received:11 December 2024,
Revised:2025-02-25,
Published:17 May 2025
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冷雪,王琦,李阳等.基于肠道菌群测序和粪便代谢组学探讨脾虚对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂代谢的影响[J].中医杂志,2025,66(10):1046-1056.
LENG Xue,WANG Qi,LI Yang,et al.Effects of Spleen Deficiency on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia Model Rats Based on Gut Microbiota Sequencing and Fecal Metabolomics[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(10):1046-1056.
冷雪,王琦,李阳等.基于肠道菌群测序和粪便代谢组学探讨脾虚对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂代谢的影响[J].中医杂志,2025,66(10):1046-1056. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.10.012.
LENG Xue,WANG Qi,LI Yang,et al.Effects of Spleen Deficiency on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia Model Rats Based on Gut Microbiota Sequencing and Fecal Metabolomics[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(10):1046-1056. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.10.012.
目的
2
从肠道菌群和粪便内源性代谢物角度探讨脾虚对高脂血症血脂代谢影响的可能作用机制。
方法
2
18只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、高脂血症组、脾虚高脂血症组,每组6只。空白组给予普通饲料,高脂血症组给予高脂饲料建立高脂血症模型,脾虚高脂血症组在高脂饲料的基础上复合饥饱失常加运动控制建立脾虚高脂血症模型。造模12周后,检测各组大鼠血清血脂[包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]水平;采用16S rRNA基因测序分析粪便样本中肠道菌群组成,通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)检测粪便中代谢物变化,筛选出差异代谢物和肠道菌群进行代谢途径分析和功能预测分析,并进行关联分析。
结果
2
与空白组比较,高脂血症组、脾虚高脂血症组大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平升高,HDL-C水平降低(
P
<0.01);与高脂血症组比较,脾虚高脂血症组TG、TC、LDL-C水平进一步升高,HDL-C水平进一步降低(
P
<0.05或
P
<0.01)。肠道菌群结果显示,空白组特有物种3066个、高脂血症组特有物种2637个、脾虚高脂血症组特有物种1581个。与高脂血症组比较,脾虚高脂血症组大鼠肠道菌群Chao1指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数均降低,厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门升高,有差异变化的菌属罗姆布茨菌属、乳酸杆菌属、梭菌属、别样棒菌属、嗜木聚糖真杆菌属均升高(
P
<0.05或
P
<0.01)。代谢组学结果显示,脾虚引起高脂血症大鼠粪便差异代谢物改变为25种,下调18种,上调7种,通路富集发现改变明显的是5-羟色胺能突触、核苷酸代谢、血管平滑肌收缩、花生四烯酸代谢4条通路。Spearman分析证实,差异改变明显的菌群罗姆布茨菌属、脱硫弧菌属与代谢物双半乳糖二酰甘油(48∶5)、单脱水艾蒿黄素、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(26∶4)、葡萄糖醛酸二酰甘油(46∶5)相对丰度呈显著正相关;梭菌属与代谢物环西番莲酸E1、双半乳糖二酰甘油(48∶5)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(26∶4)相对丰度呈显著正相关;嗜木聚糖真杆菌属与代谢物双半乳糖二酰甘油(48∶5)、单脱水艾蒿黄素、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(26∶4)相对丰度呈显著正相关。
结论
2
脾虚可以进一步改变高脂血症模型大鼠肠道菌群相对丰度,引起菌群失衡和代谢物改变,加重血脂代谢紊乱;其作用机制可能与参与5-羟色胺能突触、核苷酸代谢、血管平滑肌收缩、花生四烯酸代谢通路变化有关。
Objective
2
To explore the potential mechanisms by which spleen deficiency affects lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia, from the perspective of gut microbiota and fecal endogenous metabolites.
Methods
2
Eighteen Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, hyperlipidemia group, and spleen-deficiency with hyperlipidemia group, with 6 rats in each group. The control group was fed with standard diet; the hyperlipi-demia group was given high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia model; and the spleen-deficiency with hyperlipidemia group received combination of high-fat diet, irregular feeding, and exercise restriction to induce the model. After 12 weeks of modeling, serum lipid levels including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiota composition in fecal samples, and fecal metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Differential metabolites and microbial taxa were screened for pathway enrichment and functional prediction analysis, followed by correlation analysis.
Results
2
Compared with the control group, rats in the hyperlipidemia and spleen-deficiency with hyperlipidemia groups showed significantly increased serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, and decreased HDL-C levels (
P
<0.01). Compared with the hyperlipidemia group, the spleen-deficiency with hyperlipidemia group showed further increases in TG, TC, and LDL-C and further decrease in HDL-C (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01). Gut microbiota analysis revealed 3
066 unique species in the control group, 2
637 in the hyperlipidemia group, and 1
581 in the spleen-deficiency group. Chao1, Simpson, and Shannon indices were significantly reduced in the spleen-deficiency group compared with the hyperli-pidemia group, with an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Differentially abundant genera such as Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Allobaculum, and Xylanibacter were significantly upregulated (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01). Metabolomics identified 25 differential metabolites in feces of spleen-deficient rats, with 18 downregulated and 7 upregulated. Key enriched pathways included serotonergic synapse, nucleotide metabolism, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between Romboutsia and Desulfovibrio and metabolites such as digalactosyldiacylglycerol (48∶5), dehydrated artemetin, lysophosphatidylcholine (26∶4), and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (46∶5); Clostridium was positively correlated with cyclopassifloric acid E1, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (48∶5), and lysophosphatidylcholine (26∶4); Xylanibacter was positively correlated with digalactosyldiacylglycerol (48∶5), dehydrated artemetin, and lysophosphatidylcholine (26∶4).
Conclusion
2
Spleen deficiency can further alter gut microbiota composition in hyperlipi-demia model rats, leading to microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances that aggravate lipid metabolism disorders. This mechanism may be associated with changes in pathways such as serotonergic synapse, nucleotide metabolism, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and arachidonic acid metabolism.
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