MENG Lichong,TAN Duoting,WANG Ziyi,et al.Overview of Study on Syndromic Characteristics and Microscopic Indicators of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(19):2065-2071.
MENG Lichong,TAN Duoting,WANG Ziyi,et al.Overview of Study on Syndromic Characteristics and Microscopic Indicators of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(19):2065-2071.DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.19.017.
Overview of Study on Syndromic Characteristics and Microscopic Indicators of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure
This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the researches on syndromic characteristics and biological basis of
qi
deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure (CHF), elucidating the core pathogenesis from macro to micro perspectives. The syndromic pattern of CHF is characterized by deficiency in origin and excess in manifestation, with
qi
deficiency as the initiating factor and blood stasis running through the entire disease course. Clinically,
qi
deficiency manifests as palpitations, s
hortness of breath, and fatigue, while blood stasis is marked by a dark complexion of the face, lips, and extremities, a dark tongue, and astringent, hesitant, or intermittent pulse. Biological studies have confirmed the pathological features of
qi
deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF across multiple dimensions, including cardiac function, hemorheology, neuroendocrine activity, and inflammation-fibrosis. Genomic studies have revealed genetic variations such as angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and SLC6A2 methylation. Proteomic analyses have identified differential proteins associated with autophagy, myocardial remodeling, and fibrosis. Metabolomics has revealed dysregulation in energy and amino acid metabolic pathways. Transcriptomics has uncovered abnormal transcriptional regulation of inflammation- and metabolism-related genes, while microbiome studies have demonstrated associations between gut microbiota alterations and myocardial inflammation. Physicochemical indicators and multi-omics technologies jointly elucidate the material basis of
qi
deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF, providing not only theoretical support for the objectification of syndrome differentiation, but also a foundation for building multidimensional diagnostic systems and advancing the transformation from experiential to precision-based syndrome differentiation.
关键词
Keywords
references
MCDONAGH TA , METRA M , ADAMO M , et al . 2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure [J]. Eur Heart J , 2023 , 44 ( 37 ): 3627 - 3639 .
MASCOLO A , DI MAURO G , CAPPETTA D , et al . Current and future therapeutic perspective in chronic heart failure [J]. Pharmacol Res , 2022 , 175 : 106035 . doi: 10. 1016/j.phrs.2021.106035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106035 .
WANG H , CHAI K , DU M , et al . Prevalence and incidence of heart failure among urban patients in China: a national population-based analysis [J]. Circ Heart Fail , 2021 , 14 ( 10 ): e008406 .
CASTIGLIONE V , AIMO A , VERGARO G , et al . Biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of heart failure [J]. Heart Fail Rev , 2022 , 27 ( 2 ): 625 - 643 .
PERRONE MA , AIMO A , BERNARDINI S , et al . Inflammageing and cardiovascular system: focus on cardiokines and cardiac-specific biomarkers [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2023 , 24 ( 1 ): 844 .
JIN N , HUANG L , HONG J , et al . Elevated homocy-steine levels in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Medicine (Baltimore) , 2021 , 100 ( 33 ): e26875 .
LI X , HUANG P , WANG S , et al . Transforming growth factor β1 is a differentially expressed candidate protein of congestive heart failure with Qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome [J]. J Tradit Chin Med , 2020 , 40 ( 2 ): 311 - 316 .
GAO J , XIAO Y . Metabolomics and its applications in assisted reproductive technology [J]. IET Nanobiotechnol , 2023 , 17 ( 5 ): 399 - 405 .
YANG HJ , KIM JH . Role of microbiome and its metabolite, short chain fatty acid in prostate cancer [J]. Investig Clin Urol , 2023 , 64 ( 1 ): 3 - 12 .
ZHAO Z , HU Z , LI L . Cardiac energy metabolic disorder and gut microbiota imbalance: a study on the therapeutic potential of Shenfu Injection in rats with heart failure [J]. Front Microbiol , 2025 , 16 : 1509548 . doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1509548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1509548 .
MOORE A , VENKATESH R , LEVIN MG , et al . Connecting intermediate phenotypes to disease using multi-omics in heart failure [J]. Pac Symp Biocomput , 2025 , 30 : 504 - 521 . doi: 10.1101/2024.08.06.24311572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.06.24311572 .
WU J , ZHAO M , LI T , et al . HFIP: an integrated multi-omics data and knowledge platform for the precision medicine of heart failure [J]. Database (Oxford) , 2021 , 2021 ( 2021 ): baab076 .
Effect of Shengjie Tongyu Decoction (升解通瘀汤) on Urine Metabolomics in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy-induced Chronic Heart Failure and Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome
Effect of Jianxin Granules (健心颗粒) on Myocardial Energy Metabolism and PPARα/PGC-1α Pathway in Model Rats of Chronic Heart Failure with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome
Effect of Xingeng No.Ⅱ Granules (心梗2号颗粒剂) on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome after PCI:An Open-Labbled Randomized-Controlled Trial
Differentiation and Treatment of Hypertension Comorbidities from the Perspective of "Constitution-Syndrome-Disease Location Correlation"
Current Status and Prospective of Research on Disease-Syndrome Integrated Animal Models of Spleen and Stomach Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Related Author
SUN Ziyi
YAO Kuiwu
WANG Zihan
LIU Jingnan
SHI Zaixiang
FAN Jiarong
HUANG Li
LI Chunyan
Related Institution
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
Japan Friendship Hospital
The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine