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1.黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区和平路24号,150040
2.江苏护理职业学院
3.黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院
Received:19 May 2025,
Revised:2025-08-27,
Published:02 November 2025
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高伟,李雪,刘安南等.头穴丛刺对APP/PS1小鼠海马突触可塑性的影响[J].中医杂志,2025,66(21):2259-2268.
GAO Wei,LI Xue,LIU Annan,et al.Effect of Scalp Cluster-Acupuncture on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Mice[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(21):2259-2268.
高伟,李雪,刘安南等.头穴丛刺对APP/PS1小鼠海马突触可塑性的影响[J].中医杂志,2025,66(21):2259-2268. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.21.013.
GAO Wei,LI Xue,LIU Annan,et al.Effect of Scalp Cluster-Acupuncture on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Mice[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,66(21):2259-2268. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2025.21.013.
目的
2
观察头穴丛刺对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠海马突触可塑性的影响,探讨其治疗AD的可能机制。
方法
2
将60只APP/PS1小鼠(AD模型小鼠)随机分为模型组、空载组、Rab3a敲低组、针刺组、针刺+Rab3a敲低组,空白组为同背景的C57BL/6小鼠,每组12只。空载组给予海马区注射未转染沉默Rab3a基因的空白载体病毒液,Rab3a敲低组、Rab3a敲低+针刺组给予AAV9-Rab3a病毒液海马注射特异性敲低Rab3a,空白组、模型组、针刺组小鼠在相同海马区注射2.0 μl生理盐水。针刺组和Rab3a敲低+针刺组在注射2周后给予头穴丛刺治疗,其余各组小鼠仅给予相同时间、程度的抓握刺激。各组均干预28天。采用水迷宫实验检测小鼠逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数,旷场实验检测自发行为活动,HE染色观察海马组织病理形态学变化,透射电镜观察小鼠海马突触超微结构,免疫荧光检测海马区脑内相关Ras蛋白3A(Rab3a)表达,ELISA法检测海马组织中白细胞介素12(IL-12)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)含量;Western Bolt法检测海马组织Rab3a、突触后致密蛋白95(PSD-95)、突触素1(SYN1)蛋白水平。
结果
2
与空白组比较,模型组、空载组和Rab3a敲低组小鼠逃避潜伏期延长、穿越平台次数减少,旷场实验活动路程及时间均减少,血清IL-12含量增多、IL-4含量减少,海马组织Rab3a蛋白平均光密度和PSD-95、Rab3a、SYN1蛋白水平均降低(
P
<0.01);HE染色可见海马CA1区神经元细胞形态不规则,排列紊乱,数量减少;电镜结果显示海马CA1区突触结构严重损伤。与模型组相比,Rab3a敲低组除穿越平台次数无改变,上述指标均加重(
P
<0.05),且海马CA1区神经细胞和突触结构损伤更明显;而针刺组小鼠上述各指标均改善(
P
<0.01),海马CA1区病理损伤减轻,突触结构修复。与Rab3a敲低组比较,Rab3a敲低+针刺组小鼠上述各指标均有改善(
P
<0.05),海马CA1区病理形态及突触结构损伤减轻。
结论
2
头穴丛刺可能通过上调海马中Rab3a蛋白水平,改善海马突触超微结构,调节炎症因子,进而提高AD模型认知功能,是其治疗AD的可能机制之一。
Objective
2
To observe the effect of scalp cluster-acupuncture on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in model mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to explore its potential therapeutic mechanism for AD.
Methods
2
Sixty APP/PS1 mice (AD model mice) were randomly divided into a model group, empty vector group, Ras-related protein 3A (Rab3a) knockdown group, acupuncture group, and acupuncture + Rab3a knockdown group, with 12 mice in each group. Another twelve C57BL/6 mice served as the normal control group. Mice in the empty vector group received hippocampal injection of blank AAV9 vector without Rab3a silencing. The Rab3a knockdown group and acupuncture + Rab3a knockdown group were given AAV9-Rab3a viral solution to specifically knock down Rab3a expression in the hippocampus, while the normal control, model, and acupuncture groups received 2.0 μl of normal saline in the same region. Two weeks after injection, the acupuncture and acupuncture + Rab3a knockdown groups received scalp cluster-acupuncture treatment, while the other groups were given the same handling stimulation for an equal duration and intensity. All interventions lasted for 28 days. The Morris water maze test was used to assess escape latency and platform-crossing times; the open-field test was used to evaluate spontaneous activity. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe hippocampal pathological morphology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect Rab3a expression in the hippocampus. ELISA was used to determine hippocampal levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), while Western Blotting was used to measure the expression of Rab3a, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and synapsin 1 (SYN1).
Results
2
Compared with the normal control group, mice in the model, empty vector, and Rab3a knockdown groups showed prolonged escape latency, fewer platform crossings, reduced movement distance and time in the open-field test, increased hippocampal IL-12 and decreased IL-4 levels, as well as decreased average optical density and protein levels of Rab3a, PSD-95, and SYN1 (
P
<0.01). HE staining showed irregular neuronal morpho-logy, disordered arrangement, and decreased neuronal number in the hippocampal CA1 region, while TEM revealed severe synaptic damage. Compared with the model group, the Rab3a knockdown group exhibited aggravated impairment in the above indicators (
P
<0.05), with more pronounced neuronal and synaptic structural damage in the CA1 region. In contrast, the acupuncture group showed significant improvement in all these parameters (
P
<0.01), with reduced hippocampal injury and repaired synaptic structures. Compared with the Rab3a knockdown group, the acupuncture + Rab3a knockdown group also demonstrated improvement in all measures (
P
<0.05), with attenuated pathological and synaptic structural dam
age in the hippocampal CA1 region.
Conclusion
2
Scalp cluster-acupuncture may improve cognitive function in AD model mice by upregulating Rab3a protein expression in the hippocampus, improving synaptic ultrastructure, and modulating inflammatory cytokines. This may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect on AD.
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