Exploration of the Staged and Phased Differentiation and Treatment Approach for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Theory of Shaoyang (少阳) and Shaoyin (少阴) as the Pivots
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Exploration of the Staged and Phased Differentiation and Treatment Approach for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Theory of Shaoyang (少阳) and Shaoyin (少阴) as the Pivots
Journal of Traditional Chinese MedicineVol. 67, Issue 7, Pages: 730-735(2026)
ZHANG Wenkang,GE Yuansha,LIU Kexin,et al.Exploration of the Staged and Phased Differentiation and Treatment Approach for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Theory of Shaoyang (少阳) and Shaoyin (少阴) as the Pivots[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2026,67(07):730-735.
ZHANG Wenkang,GE Yuansha,LIU Kexin,et al.Exploration of the Staged and Phased Differentiation and Treatment Approach for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Theory of Shaoyang (少阳) and Shaoyin (少阴) as the Pivots[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2026,67(07):730-735.DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2026.07.006.
Exploration of the Staged and Phased Differentiation and Treatment Approach for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Theory of Shaoyang (少阳) and Shaoyin (少阴) as the Pivots
(少阴) function as the principal pivots, and integrating the laws of
qi
-fire transformation,
yin
-
yang
alternation, and the waxing and waning of healthy
qi
and pathogenic factors, as well as the action characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), this study systematically expounds the dynamic evolution laws of the
Shaoyang
and
Shaoyin
pivots and constructs a stage- and phase-based differentiation and treatment framework for gastric cancer immunotherapy. In the neoadjuvant treatment stage, the core pathogenesis is the dysfunction of the
Shaoyang
pivot and the disorder of
qi
and fire transformation, often accompanied by stagnation of cold-deficiency in the middle
jiao
(焦). In the postoperative adjuvant treatment stage, the dominant factors are the depletion of
Shaoyin
fire and the damage of
yin
fluid, accompanied by the lingering of residual pathogen in the
Shaoyang
level and the obstruction of collaterals by phlegm and stasis. In the advanced stage, the critical conditions are the exhaustion of the
Shaoyin
pivot, the blockage of orifices by turbid toxins, and the separation of
yin
and
yang
, leading to the rampant of pathogenic toxins and the emergence of various complicated syndromes. The treatment should be guided by the principle of regulating the double pivot. In the neoadjuvant treatment stage, it is recommended to activate the
Shaoyang
pivot and warm and promote the
qi
movement in the middle
jiao
. In the postoperative adjuvant treatment stage, clearing the residual pathogenic factors from the pivot and nourishing the
Shaoyin
. In the advanced stage, rescuing the
Shaoyin
pivot and opening the orifices to transform turbidity. Furthermore, stage-based treatment should serve as the foundation for dynamically assessing the patient's immune status and phase-specific changes in immunity, thereby promoting immune activation while preventing and managing immune overactivation and drug resistance.
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references
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