Microvascular diseases （MVD） can affect multiple systems in the body and are important factors in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular， cerebrovascular， renal， and metabolic diseases， as well as the aging process. It is proposed that

the key pathogenesis of MVD is "cold constraint in

sanjiao

（三焦）". Based on the theory of cold pathogen， and by integrating the common and local pathologies of

sanjiao

， a treatment principle of promoting blood circulation and warming is established. A basic prescription for promoting blood circulation and warming is formulated， with modifications based on the specific pathogenesis of the upper， middle， and lower

jiao

（焦）. For the upper

jiao

， cold constraint primarily involves the failure of the clear

yang

to rise and

qi

and blood stagnation， for which treatment should focus on diffusing and unblocking the heart and the lung， opening constraint and vibrating

yang

， commonly adding

Shengxian Decoction

（升陷汤） for warming and dispersing to assist in diffusion and dissipation， and using

Guizhi Decoction

（桂枝汤）-series formulas to harmonize

ying

-

wei

（营卫） and open the striae and interstices； both formulas can invigorate

yang qi

. For the middle

jiao

， cold constraint primarily involves the dysfunction of the central

yang

and internal accumulation of turbid pathogen， for which treatment should focus on harmonizing the spleen and stomach， warming and reinforcing

yang

； formulas such as

Sini Powder

（四逆散），

Zhishi Xiaopi Pill

（枳实消痞丸）， and

Banxia Xiexin Decoction

（半夏泻心汤） can be used to restore

qi

flow， promote digestion， and balance cold and heat；

Shengyang Yiwei Decoction

（升阳益胃汤） can further enhance raising the clear and directing the turbid downward， expelling cold and removing dampness. For the lower

jiao

， cold constraint primarily involves damage to the original

yang

and dysfunction of

qi

transformation， for which the treatment should focus on to

nifying original

qi

and reinforcing the foundation， as well as promoting diuresis and supporting

yang

； depending on the degree of deficiency and the presence of internal water accumulation， formulas like

Jingui Shenqi Pill

（金匮肾气丸），

Fuzi Decoction

（附子汤）， and

Zhenwu

Decoction

（真武汤） can be used. Based on the theory of cold constraint， the principle of promoting blood circulation and warming method runs through the differentiation and treatment of MVD. By further incorporating the pathological characteristics of

sanjiao

， flexible treatment strategies can be developed， which helps deepen the understanding of the disease's etiology and pathogenesis， while broadening clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.