ZHEN Chen, LIANG Ruiting, LIU Shulin. 《伤寒杂病论》中枳实功效再探讨[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026, 67(7): 803-807.DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2026.07.017.
This study addresses the issue of understanding the efficacy of Zhishi (
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
) in the
Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
(《伤寒杂病论》) caused by changes in the botanical origin of the herbal medicinals. Through a historical tracing and theoretical exploration, the efficacy theory of Zhishi in the Han Dynasty is further discussed. Historical tracing shows that the botanical origin of Zhishi evolved from the mature fruit peel of Juju (
Fructus Ponciri Trifoliatae
) in the Han and Tang dynasties to the immature fruit of sour orange after the Song Dynasty. This evolution strengthened its function of "breaking stagnant
qi
and dispersing accumulation" but caused a disconnection between later theoretical interpretations of Zhishi and its Han Dynasty
application. Analysis of formulas containing Zhishi and the herbal combinations in the
Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
reveals that the functions have high similarity with records in the
Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians
(《名医别录》), and the effect trends are highly dependent on herbal combinations. The therapeutic range broadly covers the chest and abdomen rather than focusing solely on the lower
jiao
(焦). Therefore, accurately understanding the efficacy of Zhishi in the
Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
requires returning to its Han Dynasty origin (mature fruit peel of Juju), where its properties lean more toward unblocking constraint via diffusing and dissipating rather than aggressively breaking constraint
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