Objective:To study clinical effect and molecular mechanisms of Yisui Shengxue Granules for treatment of β-Miditerranean anemia.Methods:92 cases of β-Miditerranean anemia in high morbidity regions of Guangxi were treated with Yisui Shengxue Granules

a representative recipe of the method for tonifying kideny and supplementing marrow

for 3 months.Clinical symptoms and signs

hemoglobin（Hb）

alkali-resistant hemoglobin（HbF）

red blood cell（RBC）

reticulocytes（Ret）etc.before and after treatment were observed and followed up.The molecular mechanisms were studied with PAGE

PCR-SSCP

RT-PCR

DNA sequential analysis

mRNA gene expression

DDRT-PCR and so on.Results:After treatment for 3 months

the symptoms improved significantly

Hb

HbF

RBC

Ret increased significantly

and the therapeutic effects lasted for 3～6 months after ceasing the treatment.Of the 92 cases

85 cases were effective

the effective rate being 92.39%.The medical treatment had a certain therapeutic effect for the patients of various gene types

and could significantly increase hemoglobin and globin mRNA and GM- CSFmRNA expressions

increase synthesis of HbF

decrease iron protein gene expression and accumulation of iron in the body. Conclusion:Yisui Shengxue Granules has a significant effect on β-Miditerranean anemia

and it does not change gene mutation type of patients and can significantly regulate expression of functional genes

with the characteristic of whole effect of multiple targets.