Objective To observe the effect of Jiangtang Sanhuang Tablet（Tablet to reduce blood sugar） on protein kinase C（PKC） and transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） in the nephridial tissues of rats with diabetic nephropathy（DN） and its protection for the kidney.Methods Forty-nine Wistar rats were randomized into normal group（n=10）

model group（n=39）.DN models were established with high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Totally 34 successful model were divided into model control group（n=10）

Chinese medication group（n=12） and western medication group（n=12）.Chinese medication group was given 787.5mg/（kgd） of Jiangtang Sanhuang Tablet and western medication group was given 4mg/（kgd） of Captopril Tablet through gastric feeding.The normal group and model control group were given normal saline.All groups were treated for 8 weeks.At the end of the experiment

the levels of blood glucose

blood fat

cholesterol

insulin were determined

and 24h urinary protein（Upro） were detected on the 4th and 8th week.The right kidney was selected and ratio of kidney weight to body weight was evaluated.The level of TGF-β1 and the activity of PKC in the nephridial tissues were detected by immunohisto-chemical method.Results Comparing with the model control group

the levels of blood glucose

blood fat and insulin decreased significantly

but the insulin sensitivity index（ISI） increased significantly in Chinese medication group（P<0.01 or P<0.05）.The ratio of kidney weight to body weight in Chinese medication group was lower than that in the model control group（P<0.05）.The total urinary protein（TUP） in Chinese medication group and western group was lower than that in the model group（P<0.01）.There was no significant difference between Chinese medication group and western medication group in the ratio of kidney weight to body weight and TUP.The expression of TGF-β1 and PKC in the model group was significantly higher than those in the normal group（P<0.01）.The expression of TGF-β1 and PKC in Chinese medication group and western medication group was significantly lower than those in the model group（P<0.01）.The expression of TGF-β1 and PKC in western medication group was lower than those in Chinese medication group

but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Jiangtang Sanhuang Tablet could restrain the activity of PKC

decrease the level of TGF-β1

reduce the accumulation of extracellular matrix

protect the nephridial tissue and prevent kidney fibrosis.