Objective To study the effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside（ TSG） from Heshouwu（ Polygonum Multiflorum

何首乌） on directed differentiation of β-amyloid peptide 25- 31（ Aβ 25- 31）-induced neural stem cells（ NSCs）. Methods The NSCs were extracted from 14-day pregnant Kunming mice and cultured in vitro. Two differentiation systems of NSCs-injured Alzheimer’s disease（ AD） cell models induced by Aβ 25- 31 in vitro

i. e. the neuronal cell differentiation model M1（ Aβ 25- 31 25μmol / L） and astrocyte differentiation model M2（ Aβ 25- 31 5μmol / L） were established. The model M1 and model M2 were interfered with low-dose（ 10- 8mol / L）

middle-dose（ 10- 7 mol / L）

and high-dose（ 10- 6mol / L） of TSG respectively. The cell activity of NSCs was detected with WST-1 cell proliferation and cytotoxicity kit. The positive cell rates and protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein（ GFAP） and Tubulin were observed with immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results The A values of cell activity in model M1 and model M2 groups were significantly decreased as compared with the corresponding control groups（ P < 0. 05）. The A values in all dose of TSG groups were significantly higher than those in the corresponding model groups（ P < 0. 05）. Comparing with the corresponding control groups

the positive cell rate of Tubulin and the relative abundance of its protein was significantly decreased in model M1 group

but the positive cell rate of GFAP and the relative abundance of its protein was significantly increased in model M2 group（ P < 0. 05）. Comparing with the corresponding model groups

the positive cell rate of Tubulin and the relative abundance of its protein was significantly increased

but the positive cell rate of GFAP was significantly decreased in TSG high-dose group（ P < 0. 05）. Conclusion High-dose TSG can stimulate the differentiation of NSCs induced by Aβ25- 31 into neurons and inhibit the differentiation into astrocytes.