Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Yisui Shengxue Granules（ YSSXG） for thalassemia.Methods A self controlled prospective study was conducted.Totally 43 cases of thalassemia（ 30 cases of HbH disease and 13 cases of β-thalassemia） were given two-stage treatment.Placebo was given to the patients at the first stage of treatment.YSSXG was given to the patients at the second stage of treatment.The medication lasted for 12 weeks at each of two stages respectively.Four weeks were set as washout period between stages.The levels of hemoglobin（ Hb）

red blood cell（ RBC）

fetal hemoglobin（ HbF）

hemoglobin H（ HbH） and traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM） syndrome score were detected.The efficacy was observed.Results After two-stage treatment

there were 7 patients shedding and 36 patients（ 25 cases of HbH disease and 11 cases of β-thalassemia） remaining.The total effective rate of YSSXG was 83.33%

which was superior to 19.44% of placebo（ P < 0.01）.The Hb levels in patients treated with YSSXG were significantly higher than those in patients treated with placebo（ P <0.05）.The effective rate of YSSXG in 25 patients with HbH disease was 96.00%

which was superior to 24.00% of placebo（ P < 0.01）.The effective rate of YSSXG in 11 patients with β-thalassemia was 54.55%

which was higher than 9.09% of placebo（ P > 0.05）.The TCM syndrome scores of palpitations

shortness of breath

dizziness

dry throat

hot flashes

night sweats and pale complexion in 25 patients with HbH disease were significantly decreased after the treatment of YSSXG（ P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）.The TCM syndrome scores of shortness of breath

dizziness

dry throat

hot flashes and night sweats in 11 patients with β-thalassemia were significantly decreased after the treatment of YSSXG（ P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）.Conclusion YSSXG is effective for thalassemia

especially for HbH disease.