Objective To evaluate the efficacy of differentiation treatments with Yisui Shengxue Granules on thalassemia with 3 kidney deficiency syndromes. Methods Forty-three thalassemia patients who met inclusion criteria were differentiated into 3 syndrome types including kidney essence deficiency

kidney yang deficiency

and kidney yin deficiency. Then treatments of only Yisui Shengxue Granules

Yisui Shengxue Granules added with Yinyanghuo（ Herba Epimedii 淫羊藿）

or Yisui Shengxue Granules added with Nüzhenzi（ Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 女贞子） were applied to the three types respectively for 3 months. Hemoglobin（ Hb）

red blood cell（ RBC）

reticulocyte（ Ret）

fetal hemoglobin（ Hb F） or hemoglobin H（ Hb H） were tested and TCM syndromes were scored before and in 1

2

3 months after treatment. Results After a 3-month treatment

the clinical effective rates were 94. 12%（ 16 /17） in kidney essence deficiency cases

100%（ 9 /9） in kidney yang deficiency cases

and 64. 28%（ 9 /14） in kidney yin deficiency cases

respectively. Hb levels of thalassemia patients in three syndrome types in the 2nd and 3rd month after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment（ P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05）. RBC levels of 17 thalassemia patients with kidney essence deficiency and 9 patients with kidney yang deficiency in the 3rd month after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment（ P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05）. After treatment

the symptoms of soreness and weakness of waist and knees

sallow complexion

dizziness

fatigue

loss of appetite

etc. in 17 thalassemia patients with kidney essence deficiency were improved significantly（ P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05）; soreness and weakness of waist and knees in 9 thalassemia patients with kidney yang deficiency was improved（ P < 0. 05）; the symptoms of dry mouth

sore throat

perspiration during sleep

dizziness in 14 thalassemia patients with yin deficiency were alleviated（ P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01）. Conclusion Yisui Shengxue Granules showed promising clinical efficacy in treating thalassemia patients with 3 types of kidney deficiency syndromes. Best efficacy achieved in patients with kidney essence deficiency syndrome. Improvement of blood indicators is in accordance with clinical symptoms

and clinical efficacy is closely related to thalassemia type

genetic background.