Objective To observe the effect and characteristics of Xiaoer Zhili Syrup in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ ADHD）. Methods Swenty-two cases of first diagnosed ADHD accorded with inclusion criteria were randomly divided into treatment group and control group

with 36 cases in each group.The treatment group was given Xiaoer Zhili Syrup

and the control group was given Jingling Oral Liquid（ 静灵口服液）. The treatment course was 8 weeks for both groups. Before and after treatment

the changes of ADHD symptom indices [including core symptoms decreased value and total score decreased value of Vanderbilt rating scale parents follow-up questionnaires（ VADPRS） and the normalization rate of the overall evaluation scale for children（ CGAs） ]and the brain function related indices（ differences between verbal IQ and performance IQ in Wechsler Intelligence Scale

the positive rate of neurological soft signs

and EEG abnormal rate） were observed in children aged 4 to 6years old and 7 to 14 years old respectively in two groups. Results The total scores of VADPRS in two groups were significantly decreased as the treatment time went on

and there was no significant difference between the two groups（ P > 0. 05）. After 8 weeks of treatment

the improvement of the core symptoms of 4 to 6 years old children in the treatment group（ hyperactivity and impulsion） was better than that in the control group（ P < 0. 05）. After treatment for 6 and 8 weeks

the normalization rate of CGAS of 4 to 6 years old children were 52. 63% and 94. 74% respectively in the treatment group

and 44. 44% and 72. 22% respectively in the control group;

the normalization rate of CGAS of age 7 to 16 years old were 47. 06% and 64. 71% in the treatment group

and 50. 00% and 77. 78% in the control group

with no statistically significant differences between groups（ P > 0. 05）. However in both groups

children aged4 to 6 years old showed a higher normalization rate. After treatment for 4

6

and 8 weeks

there were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of finger-to-nose test

double hand test

and alternating movement test

as well as the difference of verbal IQ and performance IQ between children with different age levels in two groups（ P >0. 05）. Conclusion Xiaoer Zhili Syrup can significantly improve the hyperactivity and impulsive symptoms in ADHD children aged of 4 to 6 years old than Jingling Oral Liquid

and there is a trend of better improvement in symptoms and brain function in children aged of 4 to 6 years old than those of 7 to 14 years old.