Objective To observe the clinical effect of Sanqi Ejiao Suppository in the long-term decremental treatment of ulcerative proctitis. Methods One hundred and forty patients with ulcerative proctitis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group

with 70 cases in each group. Treatment group was given Sanqi Ejiao Suppository by rectal administration for a long-term decremental treatment. Control group was given Mesalazine Suppositories by rectal administration. Both groups were treated for 3 months. Clinical symptom（ diarrhea and bloody purulent stool） score was observed in two groups before treatment and after 1 month

2 months and 3 months of treatment. Before treatment and after 45 days and 90 days of treatment

the rectal mucosa was observed under endoscopy

the levels of interleukin 6（ IL-6） and interleukin 23（ IL-23） in rectal mucosa were detected

and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. Results The total clinical effective rate was 91. 43%（ 64/70） in the treatment group

which was significantly higher than that in the control group（ 84. 29%

59/70）（ P < 0. 05）. The scores of diarrhea and bloody purulent stool after 1 month

2 months and 3 months of treatment were lower than those before treatment in both two groups（ P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01）

and the reduction was more significant with the duration of the treatment（ P <0. 05 or P < 0. 01）. The scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group after 1 month

2 months and 3 months of treatment（ P < 0. 05）. The scores of endoscopic rectal mucosa and the levels of IL-6 and IL-23 in the two groups after 45 days and 90 days of treatment were lower than those before treatment（ P < 0. 05 or P <0. 01）

and it improved more significantly after 90 days of treatment compared with those after 45 days of treatment in both groups（ P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01）. The score of rectal mucosa and the level of IL-6 and IL-23 in treatment group were all lower compared with control group after 45 days and 90 days of treatment（ P < 0. 05）. Conclusion Sanqi Ejiao Suppository could significantly improve the clinical symptoms and endoscopic rectal mucosa

and decrease the levels of IL-6 and IL-23 in the rectal mucosa in the long-term decremental treatment of ulcerative proctitis. Sanqi Ejiao Suppository seems to have no significant adverse reactions in the long-term decremental treatment of ulcerative proctitis.