ZHANG Boli believes that chronic heart failure is a syndrome of deficiency of the root while excess of the manifestation

and deficiency-excess complex. The deficiency of the root refers to deficiency of heart qi and heartkidney yang. The excess of the manifestation refers to blood stasis and water retention. The clinical diagnosis and treatment should be divided into 3 main clinical stages: stable period

acute exacerbation period and post-control remission period. The emphasis is on conditioning and reinforceing healthy qi. For acute statement

treatment should be mainly based on dispelling pathogen and supporting the weakness. The remission period is to dispel pathogen and reinforce healthy qi. The whole process of treatment should focuses on the combination of disease and syndromes

the disease mechanism

and syndrome differentiation

trying to regulate qi and blood and making them free flow. To remove the obstruction by supplementing method in the treatment should not be cloying

while to tonify by removing obstruction could cooperate with methods of boosting qi and warming yang

and supplementing the blood and nourishing yin.