Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bufei Huoxue Capsule（ 补肺活血胶囊） combined with chemotherapy for the primary treatment of tuberculous pleuritis patients with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome. Methods A total of 128 primary treatment of tuberculous pleuritis with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome were randomly divided into a treatment group（ 62 cases） and a control group（ 66 cases）. Western medicine standard chemotherapy（ 2 HREZ/10 HRE） combined with Bufei Huoxue Capsule was used in the treatment group

and western medicine standard chemotherapy only was used in the control group

both for continuously 2 months. The volume and absorption time of pleural effusion

TNF-α levels in pleural effusion before treatment and after 1 week treatment

pleural thickness and lung function before treatment and after 1

2 months treatment

and the adverse reaction during the treatment were all recorded. Clinical efficacy of both groups was calculated after treatment. Results The sputum volume and absorption time of pleural effusion in the treatment group were significantly smaller than those in the control group（ P < 0. 05）. The TNF-α level in the treatment group after 1 week treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group（ P < 0. 05）

and the level of the treatment group was more lower than that of the control group. The pleural thickness

lung function of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment respectively（ P < 0. 05）; and the treatment group was superior to the control group after 2 months treatment（ P < 0. 05）.The cure rate of the treatment group was 45. 2%

which was higher than that of the control group（ 27. 3%）（ P <0. 05）. There was no significant difference in total effective rate between groups. The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group（ P < 0. 05）. Conclusion The anti-TB program combined with Bufei Huoxue Capsule is effective and safe for primary treatment of tuberculous pleuritis with yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome. It can shorten the course of disease

promote the absorption of pleural effusion

reduce the pleural thickness and improve the lung function.