1.陕西中医药大学第一临床医学院,陕西省咸阳市秦都区世纪大道中段1号,712000
2.陕西中医药大学临床医学系
diwuyongchang@126.com
收稿:2021-10-17,
修回:2022-03-28,
纸质出版:2022-06-02
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王威,第五永长,杨谦等.轻度认知障碍与老年期痴呆患者中医证候要素及影响因素的横断面调查[J].中医杂志,2022,63(11):1064-1072.
WANG Wei,DIWU Yongchang,YANG Qian,et al.Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Elements and Influencing Factors of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Senile Dementia: A Cross-sectional Study[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2022,63(11):1064-1072.
王威,第五永长,杨谦等.轻度认知障碍与老年期痴呆患者中医证候要素及影响因素的横断面调查[J].中医杂志,2022,63(11):1064-1072. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2022.11.013.
WANG Wei,DIWU Yongchang,YANG Qian,et al.Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Elements and Influencing Factors of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Senile Dementia: A Cross-sectional Study[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2022,63(11):1064-1072. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2022.11.013.
目的
2
通过调查陕西省西咸新区轻度认知障碍与老年期痴呆患者的患病情况,分析患病人群的中医证候要素特征及影响发病的因素。
方法
2
随机选取陕西省西咸新区7个社区,收集社区50~89岁居民的一般资料,通过认知测评与证候要素评估,筛选出轻度认知障碍(MCI)与老年期痴呆(SD)患者,分别对两组患者进行患病情况分析、影响因素分析、中医证候要素特征分析及聚类分析。
结果
2
在完成筛查的1193名居民中,健康人926人(77.6%);MCI患者206人(17.3%),其中146人(12.2%)为遗忘型认知障碍,60人(5.1%)为非遗忘型认知障碍;SD患者61人(5.1%),其中阿尔茨海默病患者47人(3.9%),血管性痴呆患者13人(1.1%),路易体痴呆患者1人(0.1%)。MCI患者证素出现频率前三位为:肾虚、髓减、痰浊,SD患者为:髓减、肾虚、痰浊,健康人为:肾虚、内热、痰浊。MCI的危险因素有高龄、文盲、失眠、肾虚、髓减、痰浊、血瘀(
P
<0.05);SD的危险因素有高龄、长居在农村、文盲、失眠、肾虚、髓减、痰浊、阴虚、血瘀(
P
<0.05)。聚类分析显示,SD与MCI的共同证素组合有髓减、肾虚、脾虚、气虚;痰浊、血瘀;血虚、阳亢;阴虚、内热4组;SD患者常见证素组合主要有气虚、髓减、肾虚;阴虚、阳亢、脾虚;血虚、血瘀、阳虚;内热、痰浊4组。MCI患者的证素组合主要有肾虚、髓减;脾虚、气虚、痰浊;血虚、血瘀;阴虚、内热4组。
结论
2
陕西省西咸新区SD与MCI患病率基本处于我国平均水平,肾虚、髓减、痰浊、瘀血是SD与MCI的关键证候,高龄、文盲、失眠是SD与MCI的共同危险因素。
Objective
2
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and senile dementia (SD) in Xixian New Area of Shaanxi Province, and to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements and the influencing factors.
Methods
2
Seven communities were randomly selected in Xixian New Area of Shaanxi Province, and the general information of the residents aged 50 to 89 years old were collected. Through cognitive assessment and syndrome element assessment, patients with MCI and SD were selected, and their prevalence, influencing factors, and TCM syndrome elements were analyzed.
Results
2
Of the 1193 residents being selected, 926 (77.6%) were healthy people; 206 (17.3%) had MCI, of which 146 (12.2%) were amnestic MCI, and 60 (5.1%) were non-amnestic MCI; there were 61 (5.1%) subjects with SD including 47 (3.9%) Alzheimer's disease, 13 (1.1%) vascular dementia and 1 (0.1%) Lewy body dementia. The top three most frequent syndrome elements were kidney deficiency, marrow decrease, and phlegm turbidity in MCI people, marrow decrease, kidney deficiency, and phlegm turbidity in SD people, and kidney deficiency, internal heat and phlegm turbidity in healthy people. The risk factors for MCI were advanced age, illiteracy, insomnia, kidney deficiency, marrow decrease, phlegm turbidity, and blood stasis (
P
<0.05), while those for SD were advanced age, living in rural areas, illiteracy, insomnia, kidney deficiency, marrow decrease, phlegm turbidity,
yin
deficiency, and blood stasis (
P
<0.05). Cluster analysis showed that the common combinations of syndrome elements of SD and MCI included marrow decrease- kidney deficiency-spleen deficiency-
qi
deficiency, phlegm turbidity-blood stasis, blood deficiency-
yang
hyperactivity, and
yin
deficiency-internal heat. The common syndrome element combinations in SD subjects were
qi
deficiency-marrow decrease-kidney deficiency,
yin
deficiency-
yang
hyperactivity-spleen deficiency, blood deficiency-blood stasis-
yang
deficiency, and internal heat-phlegm turbidity, while those in MCI subjects were kidney deficiency-marrow decrease, spleen deficiency-
qi
deficiency-phlegm turbidity, blood deficiency-blood stasis, and
yin
deficiency-internal heat.
Conclusion
2
The prevalence of SD and MCI in Xixian New Area of Shaanxi Province is basically at the average level of China. Kidney deficiency, marrow decrease, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis are the key syndrome elements of SD and MCI. Advanced age, illiteracy and insomnia are the common risk factors for SD and MCI.
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