This paper summarized professor ZHANG Boli's academic concept of “similar diseases and syndromes of damp-turbidity-phlegm-rheum and the treatment”. By analyzing the characteristics and common pathogenesis of chronic diseases， he proposed the theory of similar diseases of damp-turbidity-phlegm-rheum， and refined the main disease-syndrome thinking line of body fluids alienation diseases. The damp-turbidity diseases have the common pathogenic characteristics， including slow and mild onset， accumulated and lingering symptoms， and easily damaging yang； moreover， these diseases are sticky and cemented， wandering and gathering， damaging clear qi and clouding orifices， leading to diseases with concurrent pathogen， and generating multiple transmuted syndromes. The hierarchy of the similar diseases of damp-turbidity-phlegm-rheum should be clarified， so that the treatment can be given with variation to the primary and the secondary， the evolution and the severity of the diseases. Therefore， it is suggested to use strategies such as treatment before syndromes， guidance adroitly according to circumstances， early treatment， treating the root and branch simultaneously， and administering treatment according to its own rules. In clinical practice of similar diseases， differentiation of tongue manifestation is focused on， and paired herbs are made full use of. He addressed that treatment of damp should be differentiated， and use of herbs should be adjusted with variations. The cardinal of the disease should be mediated， and warm herbs should be used in combination with those having the function of moistening dryness and invigorating blood， ensuring that treatment is reasonable.