1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院,河南省郑州市人民路19号 ,450003
2.河南中医药大学
zhumingjun317@163.com,(0371)66233478
收稿:2023-07-24,
修回:2024-01-16,
纸质出版:2024-04-17
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郭红鑫,朱明军,于瑞等.基于三级防控的255例心肌梗死患者中医健康管理效果评价的单臂队列研究[J].中医杂志,2024,65(08):821-829.
GUO Hongxin,ZHU Mingjun,YU Rui,et al.Effectiveness of TCM Health Management for Myocardial Infarction based on Tertiary Management System: A Single-arm Cohort Study of 255 Patients[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2024,65(08):821-829.
郭红鑫,朱明军,于瑞等.基于三级防控的255例心肌梗死患者中医健康管理效果评价的单臂队列研究[J].中医杂志,2024,65(08):821-829. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2024.08.009.
GUO Hongxin,ZHU Mingjun,YU Rui,et al.Effectiveness of TCM Health Management for Myocardial Infarction based on Tertiary Management System: A Single-arm Cohort Study of 255 Patients[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2024,65(08):821-829. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2024.08.009.
目的
2
评价基于三级防控的中医健康管理对心肌梗死(MI)患者的管理效能。
方法
2
采用前瞻性单臂队列研究方法,纳入MI非急性期患者277例,通过“以患者为核心、村医/社区医师为执行主体、三级中医院专科医师为主导”的三级防控体系,给予包括健康教育、生活方式、危险因素、用药和中医适宜技术管理在内的中医健康管理措施,周期为12个月。通过患者报告结合病历调查收集管理前及管理12个月后的各项指标,并进行管理前后的比较分析。主要疗效指标包括再入院率和复发加重率,次要疗效指标包括疾病认识情况相关指标、生活行为相关指标、心血管危险因素相关指标、加拿大心血管病学会(CCS)心功能分级。
结果
2
255例患者完成研究并纳入结果分析。管理前12个月内有92例(36.08%)发生复发加重,130例(53.72%)发生再入院,管理12个月内有59例(23.14%)发生复发加重,49例(20.25%)发生再入院,管理后复发加重率与再入院率均显著低于管理前(
P
<0.01)。疾病认知情况方面,管理前后患者除糖尿病判定标准知晓率差异无统计学意义(
P
>0.05)外,其他各项心脑血管病防治知识知晓率均较管理前显著提高(
P
<0.01),心脑血管病防治知识总分亦高于管理前(
P
<0.01)。生活行为方面,患者饮食偏咸率、饮食偏甜率和饮食偏油腻率均较管理前显著下降,适量运动率较管理前显著升高(
P
<0.05或
P
<0.01),吸烟率和剧烈运动率管理前后差异无统计学意义(
P
>0.05)。心血管病危险因素方面,患者总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、抑郁评估量表总分和焦虑评估量表总分均较管理前显著下降(
P
<0.01),收缩压和体重指数均较管理前升高(
P
<0.05或
P
<0.01),舒张压管理前后差异无统计学意义(
P
>0.05)。心血管病危险因素达标率方面,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.8 mmol/L率较管理前显著升高(
P
<0.01),体重指数<24 kg/m
2
率、收缩压<140 mmHg率均较管理前显著下降(
P
<0.05或
P
<0.01),舒张压<90 mmHg和空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L率管理前后差异无统计学意义(
P
>0.05)。管理后患者CCS心功能分级较管理前显著降低(
P
<0.05)。
结论
2
基于三级防控的中医健康管理具有较好管理效能,可增强MI患者对疾病的认识、改善不良生活习惯、降低血脂和血糖水平等危险因素,改善焦虑及抑郁状态,减少其复发加重率和再入院率。
Objective
2
To evaluate the efficacy of TCM health management based on tertiary management system for patients with myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods
2
A total of 277 patients with non-acute MI were enrolled and given comprehensive TCM health management strategies including health education, lifestyle adjustment, risk factors control, medication and TCM appropriate techniques management through a tertiary management system with "the patient as the core, village/community physicians as the main executive body, and tertiary TCM hospital specialists as the leading body", for a period of 12 months by using a prospective single-arm cohort study. Through patient reporting and medical records surveys, various indicators before and after 12-month management were collected and compared. The primary efficacy indicators were readmission rate and recurrent exacerbation rate, and the secondary efficacy indicators included disease awareness-related indicators, lifestyle behavior-related indicators, cardiovascular risk factor-related indicators and Canadian cardiovascular society (CCS) cardiac function classification.
Results
2
A total of 255 patients completed the study and were included in the final analysis. The recurrent exacerbation and readmission rates of patients after management were 23.14% (59 cases) and 20.25% (49 cases), respectively, significantly lower than 36.08% (92 cases) and 53.72% (130 cases) before management (
P
<0.05). Except for knowledge on diabetes diagnostic criteria with no significant difference before and after management (
P
>0.05), awareness of other knowledge with regard to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were improved after management (
P
<0.01), as well as the total score (
P
<0.01). In terms of daily life behaviors, the rates of salty diet, sweet diet and greasy diet were significantly lower than baseline, while the rate of moderate exercise was significantly higher (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01); the rates of ongoing smoking and vigorous exercise were not significantly changed (
P
>0.05). For cardiovascular risk factors, patients' total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, total depression assessment scale score, and total anxiety assessment scale score were significantly reduced after management (
P
<0.01). Systolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were both higher after management (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (
P
>0.05). In terms of the cardiovascular disease risk factors reaching the standard levels, the rate of LDL cholesterol <1.8 mmol/L significantly increased (
P
<0.01), while the rate of BMI <24 kg/m
2
and the rate of systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg both decreased significantly (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01) from baseline; the diastolic blood pressure and rate of fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/L were not significantly changed (
P
>0.05). The patients' CCS cardiac function classification was significantly reduced (
P
<0.05).
Conclusion
2
TCM health management based on the tertiary management system can enhance MI patients' awareness of the disease, change poor lifestyle habits, reduce risk factors such as blood lipids and blood glucose, improve anxiety and depression, increase activity tolerance, and reduce their recurrence exacerbation and readmission rates, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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